Nationalism - Latin American Independence

Early Nationalism developed out of the ideas of the Enlightenment. Not only were people starting to develop ideas of "consent of the governed" but the idea that they could be independent from the European colonial powers.

The issue behind the episodes of Nationalism and Independence the 19th century involved the shedding of imperial control from Europe, as was the case in the American Revolution.

Some notable personalities include Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, and Toussaint L'Ouverture. Bolívar and de San Martín both raised armies to drive the Spanish out of South America to establish autonomous government.  L'Ouverture led the revolt in Haiti to cast out French influence. L'Ouverture's inspiration? the French Revolution.

The Mexican Revolution of the early 20th century was fueled by nationalistic pride but was caused by oppressive Mexican leadership, not imperial rule.

The Cuban Revolution of the mid-20th century was yet another instance where nationalistic feelings sparked conflict. Cuba's revolutionary figure, Fidel Castro, desired to rid his country of American influence with the aid of the Soviet Union. This conflict saw some of the most volatile episodes of the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviets. The world powers came close to launching nuclear warheads because of Cuban nationalism. Nationalism is certainly a force to be reckoned with.

Questions: Who led enslaved Africans to independence in 1803? What countries did San Martin lead to freedom? When did Mexico gain independence? Who led Bolivia to freedom?