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Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury,[a] was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established social contract theory, the foundation of most later Western political philosophy.<br />
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Though on rational grounds a champion of absolutism for the sovereign, Hobbes also developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought: the right of the individual; the natural equality of all men; the artificial character of the political order (which led to the later distinction between civil society and the state); the view that all legitimate political power must be "representative" and based on the consent of the people; and a liberal interpretation of law which leaves people free to do whatever the law does not explicitly forbid.<br />
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'''Highlights:'''<br />
*In nature, people were cruel, greedy and selfish. They would fight, rob, and oppress one another.<br />
*To escape this people would enter into a social contract: they would give up their freedom in return for the safety and order of an organized society. <br />
*Therefore, Hobbes believed that a powerful government like an absolute monarchy was best for society – it would impose order and compel obedience. It would also be able to suppress rebellion.<br />
* His most famous work was called Leviathan.<br />
* Hobbes has been used to justify absolute power in government.<br />
* His view of human nature was negative, or pessimistic. Life without laws and controls would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”<br />
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'''Quotes:'''<br />
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"Life is Nasty, Brutish, and Short"<br />
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"A man's conscience and his judgment is the same thing; and as the judgment, so also the conscience, may be erroneous."<br />
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"Curiosity is the lust of the mind."<br />
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"In the state of nature profit is the measure of right."<br />
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"Not believing in force is the same as not believing in gravitation."<br />
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"Leisure is the Mother of Philosophy."<br />
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